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The history of Pau
T he history of Pau is long several centuries but the blooming of the city is relatively recent, it is affirmed to the XIX and XXème. The beginnings of Pau are quite modest. Until XIème century they are some hovels around a timber construction, observation post, only made up of one tower and a palisade which will probably give its name to the city: the pile, the stake: paü as Inhabitant of Béarn. The site is however exceptional: a headland enters the right bank gave and its small affluent: "Hédas". The fortification makes it possible to control the Sud/Nord road and the ford on the gave, the populations coming from the mountain (in particular of the valley dOssau) and the herds moving towards the Aquitaines plains.
years what is, at the time, Vicomté de Béarn, Pau, small Village, lives sparely at the rate/rhythm of the quarrels opposing its inhabitants to hard Ossalois for the control of the passages extending beyond the ravine from Hédas. XIVème century marks an important stage. The Viscount of Béarn is blazing it a Count de Foix, Gaston Fébus. It is a large prince well-read man and political end since it manages to remain with the variation of the conflict which opposes the king of England to the king de France (it is the 100 year old war). Moreover, its great intention is to build a Pyrénéen state connecting its fields active of Vicomté de Béarn to the County of Foix. This policy leads it to protect its grounds from its enemies. It makes build a remarkable defense force. Pau in fact part. The small fortified town built out of stone, meanwhile, becomes a fortress with a brick keep, public image of constructions of Fébus. That does not make therefore growing the village.
Next century , the spirit of the rebirth blows on Pau. In XVème century the austere fortress becomes princely residence thanks to the will of the prince of navarre which makes of Pau a capital equipped with privileges, it becomes the seat of a seneschalsy. In XVIème century, it obtains the right of coinage, Pau starts to leave its torpor. King de Navarre, Henri d' Albret settles there with his wife, Marguerite d' Angoulème, sister of François 1st, brilliant spirit author of Heptaméron. The royal couple gives to the castle its letters of nobility, it becomes one of the florets of the architecture of the rebirth.
The castle and its royal occupants contribute to the economic advancement of the city, rise which is accentuated with the arrival of the Protestants who take refuge in the capital of the Huguenotte queen: Jeanne d' Albret. The fame of the city grows with the son of Jeanne: Henri III of Navarre become the king Henri IV after the disappearance of his/her cousins: the Valois last. Royal inhabitant of Béarn will not forget the city of his birth to which it grants the title of city. His/her son Louis XIII makes the seat of a Parliament of it. Pau thus sees developing legal but such a religious activity. Catholicism takes again ground on Protestantism. The convents and the religious institutions multiply. A craft industry develops in particular around the textile but even if it commense to be extended towards the east, the city remains modest, without imposing presence around a castle which is dilapidated.
And comes Napoleon the Ist emperor and its army is back of the cruel adventure in Spain. The emperor immediately appreciates the exceptional site of the city. With blow of decrees it transforms it, airs it and makes of it for the 1st time a city open on the Pyrenees. In his turn, the duke of Wellington, future victorious of Napoleon, stops in Pau with his army; Britaniques discover Pau and its climate. The XIXème century starts, it will become that of "Pau English city".
They are legion those which speak in praise of the healing virtues of the climate of the royal city, among them, most dedicated is a young Scottish doctor: Alexandre Taylor. Britaniques rich person flow in order to look after their melancholy, their lung diseases and in particular frightening tuberculosis. A brilliant company settles, the city changes. His affections there are looked after but it is also necessary to be distracted. The English introduce what makes their way of life: the Golf, Hunting for the Fox, Hippodromme. The love of English for the horse is at the origin of the horse vocation of the city. They make build sumptuous villas. The hotels of prestige like the hotel of France and the hotel of Gassion are not enough. Should be satisfied demanding customers. The municipal officials get busy there: the city is fed out of water, one installs a system sewerages and lighting with gas. One carries out ambitious projects of town planning as the purchase of the property of the count de Beaumont where the splendid palate of winter to the sumptuous canopy and the boulevard of the Pyrenees are built, beautiful walk connecting the castle to the Beaumont field.
The sport is a king; Tennis, the hunt, the golf but also aviation. With the paddle of the XXème century, Pau becomes one of the cradles of this new adventure thanks to two Americans: the Wright brothers who practise their activity on the moors of the Long Bridge. Pilots of legend like Guynemers, Nungesser or Roland Garros passed by the school of Pau Pau is also appraisal by the men of letters. Persian Saint-John, Francis Jaymmes and the poetess Anna de Noailles. Decades earlier, Alfred de Vigny and Lamartine had sung the charms of the city. The First World War opens with crash the XXème century, a whole dark time with the cauchemard of the trenches; The rich person families desert Pau for seaside resorts.
During the Fifties, the discovery of the gas layer of Lacq gives in Pau fresh impulse and if the layer becomes exhausted today, the research center related to the oil activities, the university and the development of new technologies, make of Pau a city which makes the bet of the innovation. Between Ocean and the Pyrenees, Pau kept its tourist vocation. Served well by its road, airport and railway network, only a motorway axis Aquitaine/Espagne is cruelly lacking. Pau also has an important fabric of small and medium-sized undertakings, some in the wake of Turboméca, floret the aircraft industry. Pau is a sporting and cultural city; Let us take for example its new Jaï-Alaï, its sport hall, its Zenith, its Hippodrome and its future media library.
The beautiful sky of Pau "Beth Ceü de Paü" that with enthusiasm the Inhabitants of Béarn continue to sing is not a legend. It is under this sky that it is necessary to stroll to find testimonys of the long history of a city which saw being born 2 kings: Henri IV and Bernadotte become king de Suède with the favour of the Napoleonean adventures.
Related Headings
The tradution arises from a software google
Please, excuse us if there are some errors or misunderstandings in this translation. Contact us if you want to make a correction. Many thanks.
“Welcome on the portal independent from the conglomeration Paloise. This portal will help you to find internet isites local having a direct report(relationship) with the city of Po, to cross free of charge a classified small announcement (intended for the residents Palois but also for the persons living in comunes close to Pau). Pau-online proposes you pages of information about the life local as the music with the groups and the artists Palois, the theater in Pau and the releases and the concerts on Pau and conglomeration discovery of the local heritage as the castle of Pau, the boulevard of pyrénées, museum of the fine art and naturally the Beaumont palace. The sport ssera naturally in the honor with a local supplied sporting news From Bearn like section Paloise, FC Pau.
pau-online does not forget the artists in their offering a gallery or another a page dedicated on inquiry. You also can, and it is even advised! Participate in the life of the site by registering you in the zone members by finding a lot of Palois and Paloises wishing to announce their activities free of charge.”
